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Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) was discovered by scientists during the study of glucose metabolism by anaerobic bacteria, and it is believed that it plays an important role in redox reactions. There are abundant research results on PQQ at home and abroad. Studies have shown that PQQ can improve peroxidative damage in biological organisms, and has a wide range of biological activities such as catalyzing redox reactions, promoting mitochondrial generation, regulating energy metabolism, and regulating cell signaling pathways, and has the potential to develop new health care drugs. It has been listed as a high-safety dietary supplement in the United States and the European Union. This article reviews the biological functions, applications and production of PQQ, in order to provide reference for the development and application of PQQ as a new food additive.

1. Growth effect

Since the molecular structure of PQQ was solved, its biological functions have been widely studied and reported. A large number of studies have shown that PQQ plays an important role in the healthy growth of animals and humans. The following is a summary of the effects and possible mechanisms of multiple research groups on the effect of PQQ on growth. It is found that the addition of PQQ to animal feed can significantly promote animal growth. The daily state of animals has also been significantly improved, and it is also found that the mechanism is mainly to improve the function of mitochondria. Mitochondria are the site of cellular energy metabolism, and in the process of mitochondrial work, PQQ may play a regulatory role, as a carrier of electron transport, participating in the redox reaction process. According to the experimental results and biochemical indicators, it can be inferred that PQQ can improve energy metabolism and promote growth by affecting mitochondria.

2. Reproduction

After the discovery of PQQ's role in promoting animal growth, some researchers believe that PQQ also has an effect on animal reproduction. Through experiments on pregnant sows and rats, it was found that the addition of PQQ to the feed could improve both the litter size and litter quality of the animals. Through the analysis of biochemical indicators, it is speculated that PQQ may affect the reproduction of animals by affecting the expression of intestinal related proteins and related enzyme activities.

3. Antioxidant effect

The destruction of redox homeostasis in organisms is often accompanied by the occurrence of diseases. Peroxidation in vivo will amplify the destructiveness of diseases in the body and accelerate the aging of the body. Studies have shown that PQQ and its derivatives have strong antioxidant properties. In a variety of animal models, it has been found that PQQ can resist oxidation by increasing the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, increase the exercise performance of animals, and reduce the phenomenon of aging. Through these in vitro animal studies, the prospects for the development of PQQ into pharmaceuticals were also found. In the face of high mountains and hypoxia, in the face of harsh environments, PQQ will effectively improve the survival rate and survival time. If PQQ is added to food and eaten for many years, it may greatly improve the exercise performance of the organism.

4. Outlook

The latest research shows that PQQ has more effects on the biological body, such as maintaining blood sugar stability, maintaining brain memory function and maintaining normal organ function. For economic animals, pyrroloquinoline quinone has the characteristics of promoting growth, promoting reproduction and enhancing anti-oxidation. Under the background that the safety and effectiveness have been recognized by different authoritative scientific research institutions, the development of PQQ as a new type of additive has relatively broad prospects and important economic value.