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Aloe-emodin is the antibacterial active ingredient of rhubarb. It is a chemical substance with orange needle-like crystals (toluene) or khaki crystalline powder, which can be extracted from aloe vera. It has antitumor activity, antibacterial activity, immunosuppressive effect and laxative effect, and is now widely used as a raw material for medicines and cosmetics.

Antitumor activity

In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have been interested in the anti-tumor effects of aloe-emodin, and the main anti-tumor activities are concentrated in neuroectodermal tumors, liver cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin Merkel cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, leukemia and other tumors. Aloe-emodin has inhibitory effect on P388 leukemia cells and prolongs the survival period. One of its mechanisms of action is to inhibit the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins in cancer cells.

Antibacterial activity

At the concentration of 1.5-25mg/ml, aloe-emodin has inhibitory effects on staphylococcus, streptococcus, diphtheria bacillus, bacillus subtilis, anthrax, paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, etc. Among them, it is most sensitive to Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, and the effective concentration of antibacterial is 15-25ug/ml. The antibacterial concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus 209P, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri in vitro were 7.5mg/L and 600mg/L, respectively, and their antibacterial effects were all bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. One of its mechanisms of action is to inhibit electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Aloe-emodin has a strong inhibitory effect on the nucleic acid and protein synthesis of Staphylococcus aureus. Aloe-emodin has a strong inhibitory effect on common clinical anaerobic bacteria, which can inhibit the growth of 90% to 100% of the common Bacillus fragilis, and its MIC is slightly higher than that of metronidazole. At the concentration of 8μg/ml, 76% to 91% of anaerobic bacteria can be inhibited.

Immunosuppression

Aloe-emodin can inhibit the production of biological antibodies, inhibit the clearance of carbon particles, reduce the weight of immune organs, reduce the number of white blood cells, and reduce the function of peritoneal macrophages. In vitro at 100μg/ml concentration, [3H]-TDR and [3H]Urd were significantly inhibited into lymphocytes.

laxative effect

Aloe-emodin has a strong laxative activity, and intestinal bacteria metabolize aloe-emodin, rhein, and rhein anthrone, the latter has a strong laxative effect. Clinically used as a laxative, it has the effect of increasing appetite and laxative effect of the large intestine. According to foreign medical reports, aloe verain is hydrolyzed into aloe-emodin under the action of parasitic bacteria in the human body. This kind of aloe-emodin stimulates the peristalsis of the intestinal wall, and at the same time, due to the change of osmotic pressure, it is conducive to the elimination of wastes in the intestinal tract, thereby achieving a stimulating laxative effect. This stimulating laxative effect has a special effect on constipation and hemorrhoids. Especially for middle-aged and elderly constipation, the treatment effect is more obvious.