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1. Chemical structure and properties of urolithin A.

Urolithin A, as a polypeptide compound composed of multiple amino acids, has a molecular weight of about 1.3 to 1.5 kDa and has good stability and bioavailability. Its structural features include an α-helix and a β-fold, and this unique structure gives Urolithin A strong biological activity and stability. This compound, which exists naturally in the human body, can interact with other biomolecules through its unique chemical structure and exert its diverse physiological functions.

2. Antioxidant effect of urolithin A.

One of the most striking properties of urolithin A is its powerful antioxidant capacity. In the human body, the excessive production of free radicals is one of the important causes of cell damage and aging. Urolithin A can scavenge free radicals in the body, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), thereby effectively reducing oxidative damage. This mechanism of action not only helps protect cells from oxidative stress, but also delays the aging process to a certain extent.

3. Anti-inflammatory effects of urolithin A.

Urolithin A has significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and reducing the production of inflammatory factors, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Thereby effectively reducing the inflammatory response. This property makes urolithin A show great potential in preventing and treating inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis.

4. Application of Urolithin A in Improving Immunity

Urolithin A significantly enhances the body's immunity by regulating the function of immune cells, promoting the proliferation of immune cells, and regulating immune signaling pathways. This property makes urolithin A have broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumors.

5. Protective effect of urolithin A on cardiovascular system.

Urolithin A can effectively prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases by lowering blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid levels and improving cardiovascular function. Studies have shown that Urolithin A can inhibit the occurrence of atherosclerosis and protect the health of the cardiovascular system. This discovery provides new strategies and methods for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.