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1. Scavenges excess free radicals and reverses the decline in cell activity caused by oxidative stress.

Dihydroquercetin, through its polyhydroxyl groups in its molecular structure, can: Directly scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions (O₂⁻) and hydroxyl radicals (・OH), thus reducing oxidative damage to cells.

Upregulate the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px), strengthening the cell's own antioxidant defense system, maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis, and thereby restoring normal cell activity.

2. Protects mitochondrial function and enhances cellular energy supply.

Stabilizing mitochondrial membrane structure: Inhibiting mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation, maintaining stable mitochondrial membrane potential, preventing abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and preventing cellular dysfunction caused by the release of mitochondrial contents (such as cytochrome C).

Promoting ATP production: Improving the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, enhancing aerobic respiration efficiency, increasing intracellular ATP levels, providing sufficient energy for cell proliferation, differentiation, and substance transport, thereby enhancing cell activity.

3. Inhibits the apoptosis pathway and reduces the loss of viable cells.

Blocking the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway: Inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad) and upregulating the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl), thus preventing the transduction of mitochondrial apoptosis signals.

Inhibiting inflammation-mediated apoptosis: By downregulating the NF-κB pathway, reducing the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6, and decreasing inflammatory signal-induced apoptosis, indirectly maintaining cell viability.

4. Promotes cell proliferation and repair, and enhances cell regeneration capacity.

Reducing DNA oxidative damage: It scavenge free radicals that attack DNA, while promoting the activity of DNA repair enzymes (such as PARP), reducing the probability of gene mutations, and maintaining the normal proliferation and differentiation capacity of cells.

Regulatory effects on stem cells: Some studies have shown that dihydroquercetin can promote the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and other stem cells, enhancing cell activity during tissue repair.